Assessing dementia

Dementia is an irreversible neurodegenerative condition causing cognitive impairment and a decline in memory.¹ It is an age-related condition. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV defines dementia as memory decline with impairment of at least one other cognitive function.² The latter refers to impairment of skilled movement (limb apraxia), aphasia or executive function such as abstract reasoning.^1,2

The decline is reflected by a change from previous to current behaviours. Dementia can have an impact on social and/or occupational function. Importantly, it isnot attributable to other psychiatric conditions, such as depression. Dementia may present with behavioural and/or mood changes, disorientation and personality changes, such as disinhibition.³ However, many people with dementia retain positive personality traits.³